Which process refers to the movement of solvent and solutes due to pressure?

The process that refers to the movement of solvent and solutes due to pressure is filtration. In filtration, a force is applied to separate particles from a fluid, allowing only certain molecules, typically solvent and smaller solutes, to pass through a filter membrane while larger particles or impurities are retained. This process is commonly used in various applications, such as water purification and laboratory techniques, indicating its role in removing unwanted substances based on size or other properties.

In contrast to filtration, osmosis specifically describes the movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration, occurring without the requirement of a pressure differential. Dialysis involves both diffusion and osmosis principles where solutes pass through a semipermeable membrane, but it is driven primarily by concentration gradients rather than mechanical pressure. Diffusion is the process of movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, which doesn't involve external pressure driving the movement. Thus, filtration is distinct because it utilizes pressure to facilitate the movement of both solvent and solutes.