Which bacterium is known for endospore formation?

Bacillus anthracis is known for its ability to form endospores, which are highly resistant structures that allow the bacterium to survive in extreme environmental conditions, such as extreme heat, drought, and chemical exposure. This capability is part of their survival strategy, enabling them to persist in a dormant state until conditions become favorable for growth.

The formation of endospores is a key characteristic that differentiates Bacillus species from many other bacteria, as not all bacteria have this capability. The endospores can remain viable for long periods, making Bacillus anthracis particularly concerning from a public health perspective, as it can cause serious infections when the spores enter the human body.

In contrast, the other bacteria listed—Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella enterica—do not have the ability to form endospores. They may utilize other survival mechanisms, but they lack the structural adaptations that endospore-forming bacteria possess.